
What are allergies? This is a very good question, especially if you suffer the watery eyes, itchy eyes, watery nose, asthma, wheezing, coughing, or other symptoms of allergies.
A very simplified explanation of what allergies are is they are simply the immune system's incorrect response to a foreign substance. For some people, exposure to what is normally a harmless substance, such as pollen, will cause the immune system to react as if the substance is harmful. The response is the symptoms mentioned above, which can be very unpleasant for the sufferer.
The substances that cause allergies are called allergens. There are a lot of allergens, and not everyone is allergic to all of them, but some people suffer from many allergies, and all to different degrees. Some people, for example, are only slightly allergic to peanuts, while others could die if they ingest one.
When you come into contact with an allergen, you may experience a number of allergic symptoms. The most typical include itchy, watery nose and eyes; asthma symptoms such as wheezing and coughing; or hives. The symptoms can become more severe.
Basically, if you have an allergy, you will experience and allergic reaction. So, that leads to the question, what is an allergic reaction?
The answer is that it is a hypersensitive response of your body, and a result of how the following three factors interact with the body:
- The allergen. Allergens vary from person to person, but include pollen, mold, dust mites, certain foods, latex, animal dander, and others.
- Mast cells. Mast cells are found throughout the body, however most reside in connective tissues such as those of the skin, tongue, the lining of the nose and intestinal tract, the lungs, and upper airways. (which as you can see are the areas where most symptoms of allergies manifest themselves)
- Immunoglobulin E (IgE) - IgE is an allergic antibody, a type of protein made by the immune system to recognize and fight specific body "invaders." IgE coats the surface of the mast cells in tissues, manifesting itself as your "allergic reaction" with watery eyes and nose, itchiness, hives, etc.
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