1. Marches. The basic low impact march can be easily mastered by most seated participants. This movement is shoulder flexion/extension. Elbows should be bent and the arms should move in opposition. This movement is an effective warm-up, cool-down and place-keeper in between segments. If seated participants have some leg movement control, they can lift their legs in time with the march. To increase the intensity, straighten out the elbow joint or lift the arms to a march in front of the torso. Decrease the range of motion to decrease intensity. There is no twisting of the torso involved in this movement.
2. Presses. Presses are another movement that most seated participants can easily master. This exercise is very versatile due to the combination of location, intensity variations and speed variations. Increase intensity, by using a full arm range of motion, and by exercising one sequence at or above the shoulder level. This should be done only by participants that can do it safely. To decrease intensity, do not press above the shoulder level, and by not using the arm muscles.
3. Shoulder flexion/extension & abduction adduction. These exercises are also versatile. These shoulder lifts are to the front and side. Varying the degree of flexion that you maintain in the elbow joint will vary the intensity of the exercise. Varying the speed of the exercise can also change the level of intensity. Seated participants should sit up straight and try to maintain proper posture. An indication of fatigue is if participants are beginning to slump down in their chairs.
4. Shoulder roll and lift (shrugs). This exercise is appropriate for participants with limited arm movements, but are mainly used in warm-ups and cool downs. Vary the intensity by changing the speed. The shoulder should be worked through the full range of motion. First, use one shoulder at a time by rolling or shrugging, then try both shoulders together. Moving one shoulder at a time should not cause any problems to participants who have impaired balance.
5. Arm curls. These exercises involve movement at the elbow joint. Vary intensity with the beat and with the range of motion. Participants with impaired balance should be extremely careful when performing asymmetrical movements, such as side curls.

Other beneficial exercises include:

1. Strength training. Stretching rubber tubing using your arms can increase you upper-body power quickly. Strength training can help to reduce muscle plasticity and lessen limb pain in participants who have involuntary tightening of muscles. This exercise should be started in a sitting position. To prevent falling, this exercise should be performed at a safe pace with guards in place.
2. Stretching. When performing flexibility exercises, be sure to stretch all major muscles in your upper body, shoulder, arms and back. Muscles and joints that are non-functional or disabled need to be stretched just like their functional counterparts. Limbs may be passively moved by you or a family member, if you are unable to move them.
3. Posture and balance. This type of exercise can improve posture and muscle tone. A large ball can be used in balance exercises.

You should first consult your doctor or health care provider before beginning any exercise program. Your doctor can offer you guidance in selecting an appropriate exercise program.